'Appropriation is indeed the first stage of postproduction: the issue is no longer to fabricate an object, but to choose one among those that exist and to use or modify these according to a specific intention.' (2010:25)


'When Duchamp exhibits a manufactured object (a bottle rack, a urinal, a shovel) as a work of the mind, he shifts the problematic of the "creative process," emphasizing the artists gaze brought to bear on an object instead of manual skill. He asserts that the act of choosing is enough to establish the artistic process, just as the act of fabricating, painting, or sculpting does: to give a new idea to an object is already production. Duchamp thereby completes the definition of the term 'creation': to create is to insert an object into a new scenario, to consider it a character in a narrative.' (2010:25)


Nicolas Bourriaud, Postproduction, Lukas and Sternberg, 2010.